Guidelines on how to start Fish farming.

If you are thinking about starting fish culturing as an agribusiness, you need to consider some important factors that may affect the success and profitability of fish farming business.

Selecting Land Area
Selecting a suitable land for fish farming is very important. For commercial production, earthen ponds are very suitable and it is mostly used culture units by many farmers. While selecting lands keep in mind some necessary facilities which are a must for fish culture.

The necessary facilities for fish farming includes a good source of fresh water supply, type of the soil, availability of labors, good transportation etc. Consider the followings while selecting lands for fish farming.

• Try to select land which is relatively level. Generally, a slope about 1% is ideal. Steeply sloped lands are not suitable for building ponds.
• Select the land by keeping in mind your future plans. Try to select a land which is large enough for all your fish farming activities.
• Avoid the flooding and polluted areas.
• Never select the land very close to crop fields. Because, various types of fertilizers and pesticides are used for crop production. These types of fertilizers and pesticides can causes danger in your fish pond.
• It will be better, if the selected land become slightly lower than the water source. This will help you to fill the pond by gravity rather than by pumping. Gravity supplying of water will reduce energy inputs and fish production cost highly.
• Ensure availability of a great water source like streams, lakes, rivers, springs etc. near the land. For better fish production, the quality and quantity of water plays a vital role.
• Determining the quality of soil also very important. Soil with good quality ensures maximum production. So, the soil of the selected land area must have to good enough for fish culture. Rocky, sandy or gravelly soil is not suitable for constructing a pond.
• Soil with at least 20 percent of clay is suitable for holding water and constructing pond. However, after constructing pond apply necessary fertilizers for making the soil suitable enough for fish farming in Kenya.
• Suitable transportation system is must for marketing the fish and buying necessary materials from the market (food, medicines etc.).
• A market near the farming land. Transporting the fish so far for marketing will reduce the price and quality of fish and increase the cost. So, select a land from where you can easily market your products.

After selecting a suitable land for fish farming, it’s time to construct a pond. You have to choose a pond design according to fish species you want to produce.

Each type of fish species require special types of pond design to grow. After selecting the desired fish species, make a pond that enables your fish to grow happily.

Good designed pond according to the fish species ensures good health and maximum production. Contact with your local fishery department to get some suggestions and ideas about pond design that are suitable for each type of fish species.

Selecting Fish Species
Along with good site and well constructed pond and other good facilities, selecting proper fish species is most important. Selecting fish species for fish farming depends on the market, climate, and weather and farm location.

Tilapia fish has a huge demand among all the fish species available. And almost all people prefer tilapia fish.

You can also start culturing some other fish species that has great demands in the market like African catfish, Tilapia, silver fish, Nile perch etc. Keep in mind the followings while selecting perfect species for fish farming .

• Select those species that has a great demand in the local market.
• Select the species that grow faster and more profitable for commercial production.
• The species that can easily maintain and grows well in your local weather and climate.
• Consider availability of necessary foods for the species.
• The species that grows well and take less time to reach marketing weight.

Feeding the Fish
Providing good quality and nutritious food ensures fast growth and maximum production. For commercial fish farming, manufactured supplementary fish feeds are a must.

You can buy the ready-made supplementary fish feeds that are available in the market. In the market you will find various types of fish feed prepared for each type of fish species.

For example, if you want to culture tilapia fish then buy feeds from the market which are prepared for tilapia. You can also buy all ingredients separately from the market and mix it at farm.

This is a good idea to buy each ingredient separately from the market.

Because, sometimes the ready-made feed doesn’t have all necessary nutrient elements, vitamins, minerals, salt etc. This may directly impact the fish production.

So, it is a good idea to buy all the elements separately form the market and mix at farm. See fish feed, supplementary fish feed.

Other Care & Management
Do all tasks timely and accurately. If necessary, change the water of the pond. Examine the quality of water and soil on regular basis.

Use proper medicines for each species of fish to keep them healthy and diseases free. Prevent the entrance of predators like snakes, frogs etc. Use net while filling the pond with water.

Collecting Fish
Different species of fish reach marketing weight in different ages. For better price and profit collect the fish in proper time.

When the fish reach the marketing weights, you can collect fish form pond by using a net or discharging the total water from the pond.

Marketing
Almost all people love to eat fish and there is already a suitable market for fish. You can easily sell fish in your local market. Fish also has a great demand in the international market.

Following tips will be effective for marketing fish and gaining more profits from fish farming.

• After collecting fish from the pond, send them to the market as soon as possible. Doing late can decrease the quality.
• For maximum price of your products, you can separate different sized fish. For example, separate the fish into three groups. Small, medium and large.
• Never transport the fish so far for getting more value. Sending far will damage the quality of fish and decrease the value instead of being benefited.
• Local markets are very suitable for marketing. But if foreign export available then you can try international markets.