POULTRY EGG FARMING
Poultry egg farming is a very profitable business and many people are making money all over the world by starting layers egg production business. However to build a successfully sustainable poultry egg farming business you require sufficient knowledge of how to efficiently keep the layers under good management skills and poultry egg production business plan.
LAND, HOUSING AND EQUIPMENT FOR POUTRY EGG FARMING BUSINESS.
The kind of housing you need and the size of the land will depend on the size of your poultry egg farming project. When choosing the location for our poultry egg production business you have to balance the need for proximity to the market. With the cost of land, labor costs, security and good water supply, it is advisable not to locate the poultry egg farming project close to a stream or river as this results into pollution of water by chicken drops during rainfall periods.
When you are planning to construct a layers egg chicken house you have to select a site which is well drained with plenty of natural air movement. Layers chickens cannot adjust well to temperatures extremes so it is very essential that the hens be housed cared and provided with an environment that will enable them to perform egg production efficiently.
The design and size of the layers chicken house is determined by the number of layers being kept, the cost of the climatic condition of the area .it is essential to house layers chickens of the same age together. This is to prevent potential problems like high risk of continuous infection.it also allows the farmer to administer the right feeds and follow the right method of lighting for the layers chickens.
Your housing for the layers chickens can be barns layer cages chicken runs or hutches. The kind of equipment you need depends on whether you are using the deep litter system or the cage system in your poultry egg production business. You should have equipment including feeders,drinkers,lighting system and waste disposal system .you will also need chicken nests where the layers lay eggs in .if you are doing the cage system then you will have to have to purchase the cages for your layer chickens. If you purchase the cages as housing for your layers, the layer cages will already have the laying nests feeders drinkers etc.
POINT OF LAY CHICKENS OR LAYER CHICKS.
Poultry layer start to lay eggs at about 19 weeks of age. When starting a poultry egg production business you will have to make a decision of whether you start with day old chicks or point of lay birds. You can buy chicks and feed them till they are 19 weeks. However it is usually easier to buy point lay chickens (layers chickens which are ready to start lying eggs)
You should purchase your day old chicks or point of lay birds from a reliable accredited hatchery or company where the parent stocks are managed well. Layers chicks from different hatcheries vary greatly in terms of quality and thus will be a determining factor in the success of your poultry egg farming business venture. If you purchase point of the lay chickens which are not well vaccinated then the layers chickens will have a low rate of e.g. production and high motarity rate.
LAYERS FEEDS
To lay well the layers chicken must get the best possible feed. Hens need plenty of calcium in their diets to lay eggs with hard strong shells. The feed for the layers chicken is called layers mash. The mash is specially formulated to provide all the nutrients thy need in the correct quantities. Feed must be available in the trough at all times as well as cool, fresh water in the bottles. On average each laying hen requires 110g to 120g of feed every day. The aim of the egg producer is to convert a given amount of feed into as many eggs as possible. It is very important to give layers the right feeds and the right quantities so that they grow well and have a high egg production rate.
MANAGEMENT AND LABOUR
The number of farm workers you will need will depend on the size of the egg production project. If you are operating on a small poultry egg production farm business e.g. 100 birds you and your family may be enough to take care of the birds. However if your keep 2000 and above then you will need full time employees to manage the poultry farm. There is good technical knowledge for success in the business and good management skills.
CAPITAL
The amount of capital required for the poultry egg production business depends on the scale of the project. You can get a loan from the bank or funding from investors to use as capital to start your poultry egg farming business plan. If you don’t have access to investors and a loan from the bank, you can use your personal savings and start small then grow your business over time .egg production business is very profitable if you reinvest the profits you get you can quickly grow.
MARKET THE POULTRY EGGS
The demand for the eggs is very high over 5 million tonnes of eggs is consumed globally, annually. Eggs are considered alternative source of proteins. Almost every household consumes boiled or fried eggs. Increasing the protein consumption and rising incomes drive consumption of eggs. round the world, consumption of eggs in on increase. This increase is particularly notable in developing countries. where the changing diets have people consuming a greater number of calories from protein sources like poultry meat and eggs. You can supply your eggs to individual households, super markets, grocery shops, wholesalers, schools, restaurants, companies, organizations etc.
FEEDING PLAN FOR BROILERS AND LAYERS
BROILERS (body target 1.5kg)
| Age (days) | Type of feeds | Quantity of consumption per period | Cost of feeding per period(estimated) | Body weight in the end of period | |
| min | max | ||||
| 1-14 | Broiler starter standard | 0.55kg per bird | UGX 1,273 | 0.45kg | 0.50kg |
| 15- 30 | Broilers grower standard | 1.50kg per bird | UGX 3,240 | 1.35kg | 1.55kg |
| Total cost of feeding | UGX 4,513 | ||||
*Note
Broiler starter standard UGX 1,273 per kg
Broiler grower standard UGX 3,240 per kg
LAYERS (AVERAGE PRODUCTIVITY 88 TO 90%)
| AGE (WEEKS) | TYPE OF FEEDS | QUANTITY OF CONSUMPTION OF FEEDS PER PERIOD | COST OF FEEDING PER PERIOD | BODY WEIGHT IN THE END OF PERIOD | |
| MIN | MAX | ||||
| 1-9 | Layer starter standard | 2.2kg per bird | UGX4752 | 0.68kg | 0.75kg |
| 10-18 | Layer grower standard | 3.5kg per bird | UGX3240 | 1.35kg | 1.45kg |
| Total cost for feeding before productive stage | UGX 11192 | ||||
| 19-60 | Layer productive standard | 0.115kg per bird daily | UGX 202.4 | 1.55kg | 1.75kg |
| Daily cost for feeding during productive stage | UGX202.40 | ||||
NOTE
Layer starter standard UGX 2160 per kg
Layer grower standard UGX 1840 per kg
Layer productive standard UGX 1760 per kg
Broiler starter base UGX 2040 per kg
Broiler grower base UGX 1860 per kg
Broiler finisher base UGX 1800 per kg
HOW TO MIX YOUR OWN CONCETRATES (having a high density of nutrients and usually low in crude fibre content)
| BROILER GROWER | BROILER FINISHER |
| MAIZE 30%MAIZE BRAN 35%PROTPLEX BG 35% 35% | MAIZE 30%MAIZE BRAN 35%PROTPLEX BF 40% 35% |
| LAYER GROWER | LAYER PRODUCTIVE FEEDS |
| MAIZE 35%MAIZE BRAN 30%PROTPLEX BG 35% 35% | MAIZE 20%MAIZE BRAN 40%PROTPLEX BF 40% 40% |
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