With 80% of lamb performance based on a farmer\u2019s management and only 20% on feeding, there\u2019s a lot a farmer can do to ensure optimal growth.<\/p>\n
A lamb\u2019s life actually begins four to six weeks before it is born. About 80% of foetal development occurs during this phase, so it\u2019s crucial to pay special attention to a ewe\u2019s feed requirements then.<\/p>\n
As the foetus grows larger, the ewe\u2019s rumen capacity decreases. Contrary to what many believe, smaller rumen capacity does not mean that a ewe should be fed less. In fact, the farmer has to feed a ewe more concentrated feed during the final stages of pregnancy.<\/p>\n
Concentrated feed is utilised better. One also needs to provide good roughage, such as lucerne, at this stage, and a good bypass protein.\u00a0A bypass protein is not digested in the rumen by bacteria; instead, it makes its way to the small intestine, where it is absorbed.<\/p>\n
Post-birth
\nResearch has shown that between day one and day 42, a lamb has a feed conversion ratio of 1:1. This means for every 1kg it eats, it grows 1kg. From day 43 to day 60, this changes dramatically to 3:1, with 1kg grown for every 3kg feed consumed.<\/p>\n
From day 60 to day 80, this can be about 3,5:1. After this, between 4,5:1 and 5:1 is normal.\u00a0For maximum growth, it is essential that the lamb has an adequate intake of colostrum immediately after birth, followed by creep feed.<\/p>\n
Colostrum, with its high level of antibodies, is a lamb\u2019s first line of defence against disease. After colostrum intake ends, you should provide creep feed from day seven of a lamb\u2019s life until 14 days after weaning, if you wean at 100 days.<\/p>\n
This not only accustoms the lamb to eating solid feed, but enables it to react better to weaning shock. Creep feed should contain at least 19% protein at this stage.<\/p>\n
Protein in creep feed has to be high to ensure muscle build and normal development, and to optimise feed conversion. Colostrum and creep feed allow the digestive system to develop well, which in turn ensures that the animal will grow well at later stages of its life.<\/p>\n
Feeding regime
\nLambs are usually sent to a feedlot at about 30kg and fed there until they reach a live weight of 50kg, after which they\u2019re sent to the abattoir. For a lamb to grow, it needs to consume a ration larger than a maintenance ration.<\/p>\n
As lambs are always grown out for slaughter purposes, data on how to maintain a lamb is rare. However, data on ewe maintenance rations is prolific. Although the needs of ewes and lambs differ, this data can give some insight into the feeding regime a lamb should follow to be grown out for slaughter.<\/p>\n
A 50kg ewe needs 2% of her live weight in feed for maintenance. In a feedlot, lambs are fed 4% to 4,5% of their live weight a day to optimise growth. Such a ration should contain high levels of high-energy feed, which will lead to a higher feed conversion ratio.<\/p>\n
It should also have a high protein content and a 10% to 15% bypass protein content. These proteins are found in fishmeal, oilcake and lamb feed, and contribute to lamb growth. A 50kg ewe also requires 95g of crude protein a day for maintenance. Lambs need at least 181g of protein for 300g\/day growth over a 60-day growth period.\u00a0Lambs that are weaned at 100 days at 33,6kg can attain a 4,5 to 5:1 feed conversion.<\/p>\n
A month before weaning, a lamb\u2019s feed intake is 50% milk and 50% feed. Creep feed is essential at this stage as it not only helps the transition to solid feed, but lessens weaning shock. A rule of thumb is that a lamb should receive between 25kg and 30kg creep feed from day one and day 100 of its life.\u00a0This translates to about 300g\/day for the period. It should be noted, however, that a younger lamb will eat less and an older one more.<\/p>\n
Management
\nManaging the transition from weaning to feedlot is critical, as it will help determine future success. Lambs that have adapted to creep feed before weaning will adapt more readily to feedlot conditions as they are used to high-energy foods that assist with growth.<\/p>\n
Part of this management should involve monitoring the animals and ensuring that conditions in the pens are optimal. Even though the animals are fed only three times a day, the farmer walk through the feedlot five times a day.<\/p>\n
Before you\u00a0begin feeding, clean the feed troughs and remove any dung. Pills that were not eaten are fed again. Any meal that remains is taken out. I do this at 7.30am and again at 10am.\u00a0<\/p>\n
People say sheep are \u2018allergic\u2019 to their own saliva and avoid eating feed that they previously fed on. If you shuffle the feed around every few hours, it stimulates them to eat again.<\/p>\n
Getting sheep to stand up also stimulates behaviour that leads to feeding. Even pretending to put out fresh feed by waving a bag while stirring feed is helpful.<\/p>\n
Water plays a major role in sheep production. Cool, clean water should be provided. A single sheep can drink between 4\u00a0and 10 litres\u00a0of water a day. Have the water tested for heavy metals, as these can curb growth. Also test for E. coli.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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